Social Issues

In the culture of South Asia, hijras (Hindi: ??????, Urdu: ?????, Bengali: ??????, Telugu: ?????) or khusra in Punjabi and kojja in Telugu are physiological potent persons who adopt womanish sex identity, womens clothing and other feminine gender roles. Hijras post a long recorded history in the Indian subcontinent, from the Mughal empire period onwards. This history features a number of well-known(a) roles indoors subcontinental cultures, part gender-liminal, part spiritual and part survival. In Pakistan, umpteen hijras live in well-defined, organized, all-hijra communities, led by a guru.[1][2] These communities take on sustained themselves over generations by adopting juvenile boys who are rejected by, or flee their family of origin.[3] Many produce as mannish sex workers for survival.[4] The word hijra is Urdu, derived from the Arabic etymon hjr in its guts of leaving ones tribe,[5] and has been borrowed into Hindi. The Indian usage has traditionally been trans lated into English as eunuch or hermaphrodite, where the irregularity of the male genitalia is primeval to the definition.[6] However, in general hijras are born(p)(p) with typically male physiology, only a few having been born with male hermaphrodite variations.

[7] Historically, ceremonial initiation into the hijra community is verbalise to have convolute removal of a boys penis, testicles and scrotum, without anesthetic, at or around puberty.[citation needed] However, fit to Mumbai health organization The Humsafar Trust, only 8 percent of hijras tour their clinic are nirwaan (castrated).[citation needed] Since the late 20th century, or so hijra activists and Western non-gover nment organizations (NGOs) have been lobbyin! g for official recognition of the hijra as a kind of three sex or third gender, as neither humans nor woman.[8] The Urdu and Hindi word hijra may alternately be romanized as hijira, hijda, hijada, hijara, hijrah and is pronounced [???d??a?]. This shape is generally considered disparaging in Urdu...If you want to get a full essay, erect it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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