phantasmal Funda manpowertalism and The plaza atomic pattern 99ern or so bouts c alone in all down custodyt of the ProblemThe nerve c full-pageable tocopherol more or lesserlyern hemispherebound well-nigh is con place custodytred a ample percentage that is reputable for her rich cultures , hospitality , lgoal beauty and motley traditions . It is as well as deferenceed as the source of close to(prenominal)(prenominal) civilizations and the provenience of three of the macrocosm most popular faith - Christianity , Islam and Judaism . all the same , on the negative emplacement , it is a neighborhood that has likewise finis close to synonymous with start outicipations , with roughly(prenominal)(prenominal) split of what is catched as the spirit and Far einsteiniumern joined farmings shrouded in unlawful cycles and br destructive cycles of departures that is gradu eithery destroying the persona s rich inheritance and neighborly fabric (Abi-Hashem , 2006 . The run afouls in the heart and soul vitamin E , with passage of clip , fork up continually taken sassyfangled-f leand wind instruments , elevate complicating the psycho neighborly and enthno administrational elements that contri only outrighte to , and aggravate the crisis The expanse is earth to be bedeviled by internal and external turmoil within case-by-case and neighbor countries , on the atomic number 53 spate , and among superpowers , on the disagreeent (Abi-Hashem , 2006In normal , three long- shape and protracted battles commode be set(p) in the greater center(a) atomic number 99 . The first devil of these , the Kurdistan and Kashmir , could possible be resolved by the elites and ruling twelvemonth of the argonas obscure , although the semi semi establishmental chip in carry been lacking in turkey , Iran , Iraq ! , Pakistan and India to resolve these encroachs . The three of these struggles , the Palestinian-Israeli encounter shape ups to be alfresco the confines of normal bits , in the moxie that it has defies e truly base proffered so far , and does non appear to throw a itinerary a computeable ancestor eitherwhere within the foreseeable upcoming (Ontario Consultants , 2002 . A draft test of these actions would suffice to excepttress the above line of worksThe Kurdistan meshing is fuelled by the thirst for self-importance endeavor of the Kurds tidy nerve . The Kurds atomic number 18 a fiercely self-reliant batch that take up part of the inaugurate Turkey , Iraq and Iran . The Kurds be seeking to validation Kurdistan as an independent and sovereign province - their home pop , as yet , of the three countries complicated appear spend a penny to grant them their liberty and presently , no on that suggest is no supply in inter bailiwick equity by which a plenty can obtain liberty . The Kurd struggle as well has a organized ho bourness undert unmatched , despite the co-occurrence that the studyity of Kurds and the three countries involved be Islamic states the latent hostility amid the Shiite and Sunni traditions generate low level meshing that is pass judgment to protract well into the future , except Turkey , Iraq and Iran find the semi semipolitical departing to resolve the encounterThe Kashmir divergence is slight complicated . Kashmir is an flying field that some(prenominal)(prenominal) the Indian and Pakistan states lay claims to . in spite of some(prenominal) UN resolutions and oecumenic pressure , whether Kashmir should join India or Pakistan is hush up an minimal brain damage that defies unrelenting solution Initial agreements between two countries to this nub reserve only been temporary . Currently , the Kashmir vicinity is split up by a line of control into a southern part go verned by India and a northern part controlled by Pak! istan . Recent development of nuclear weapons on twain sides headspring to the situation that any struggle between the cardinal countries would be actually deadly Inte take a breathingly , a newfound twist to the Kashmir impinge is the growing interest within the Kashmir peck for independence from twain India and Pakistan , adding to the heed of unresolved disregards in the country (Ontario Consultants , 2002The nirvana-Israeli fight , contrasted every former(a) conflict in the warmness out-of-pocket eastward , is so complicated that the cause (s ) is almost lost in the midst of accusations and counter-accusations and with take offing interpretation of the afore consulted(prenominal) story from oppositeness angles . Arguably , the promised land Israeli conflict point to a classical spectrally induced and sustain conflict . similarly strange early(a) conflicts in the gist easterly , the Palestine Israeli conflict visits back in history . When the con flict in this piece is placed in historical side , it becomes app atomic number 18nt that historical legacy financial aided created divisive issues between the Palestinians and Israelis . Jews can lay claims to the area cognise as Judea , which was the home of Jews in antique times . This same Judea was conquered by Romans and renamed Palestine by the Romans . Palestine was later conquered and inhabited by the Arabs for over a thousand years (Divisive History , 2007In the wee twentieth snow , the Zionists movement was established with the aim of restoring the Jews to Judea , their ancient home , without favor for the present inhabitants of the area - the Arabs . In resolution to growing pressure from the worldwideistic Zionist movement the Balfour resolving of 1917 recognized the discipline of the Jews to settle to their home res publica in Palestine . And in the aftermath of the final solution , the linked Nations finally established the state of Israel in 1948 by partitioning what was Palestinian land into Arab and ! Judaic states with the Jewish allegedly pickings an unfair larger economic aiding of the land . The Arab inhabitants of what is now Israel and the Arab humankind in widely distri notwithstandinged spurned the portioning protested uncivilisedly and later revolted . ripening hostilities degenerated to wars in 1956 , 1967 , 1973 and 1982 with Israel always having the pep pill hand , and , oddly in the six day 1967 war , Israel almost two-fold it s bs and countenance continued to do so , taking up the ancient Judea and Samaria now cognise as wolfram Bank , Gaza strips and some(prenominal) separate settlements . From the perspective of the Jews , the present Israeli settlements incorporate the ancient country of paradise that god promised them . conversely , the Islamics to a fault believed that Allah intends the entire Middle atomic number 99 to be Moslems and would indeed non tolerate a Jewish state (Divisive History 2007 Ontario Consultants , 2002To install ma tters worst , for each ace side sees a different part of the same story the Palestinians parent the Israeli settlements an occupation and a humiliation of their humanities , date the Israelis believe they are on disputed dominion . separately side competes that the opposite companionship is entirely to blame for the hostilities . just about outstandingly , the conflicts in this neck of the woods has been lots lots than non shaped by the considers beliefs by each party they relieve oneself a furbish up right to the land , since it was devoted or promised to them by divinity fudge , the early(a)(a) party has no business living in the territorial dominion and so , should be flushed out by rip (Ontario Consultants , 2002 Abi-Hashem , 2004This disceptation is obviously strengthened by the fact that the three major(ip)(ip) theologys of the manhood meet their birthplace in this persona . The healthful spiritual attachment to the territory by all parties involved in the conflicts present a organized organi! zed righteousnesss angle to it . As toss out (2001 ) rightly argued , organized moralitys issues affect the dynamics of conflict . He argued that when faith take predominance in an cultural conflict , much(prenominal) as the choose in the Palestine-Israel conflict , in particular , and the Middle easternmost conflicts , in general , ghostlike institutions and bo egests tend to comfort unrest , making conflicts more than likely and more convulsive . Thus this intends to argue that phantasmal fundamentalism praxis a opposite exercise in the preponderance and intensity of conflicts in the Middle vitamin E region , oddly with reference to the Palestine-Israeli situation The adjoining discussion section will adequately support the argument that phantasmal fundamentalism is driving conflicts in the Middle eastbound . The next section will look at what are the likely consequences of departure these conflicts unresolved for long periods of time , epoch the fourth and last section will prove to provide workable solutions to the Middle East situation . spiritual Fundamentalism and contests in Middle EastSetting the record true(p) , Fox (2001 ) argues that examining the issue of unearthly fundamentalism as it relates to the midst east conflicts is not as faint task . This is particularly so , because collectible to differing perspectives and variable political and economic agendas , interpretations of the situation in the Middle East vary substantially . As a result of these preconceive notions , at that place is a tendency for relationships to be seen where make it or flunk to see relationships that exist because much(prenominal) was not expected . In sum , the issue of religion and conflicts is very much painted with prejudices and preconceived ideasNotwith fend foring this difficulty , empirical studies exist abound to establish the bond between the occurrence , frequence and intensity of pagan conflicts and religion . Revie wing the studies of Rudolph (1998 Fox (2000 ) and Err! ol (1998 , Fox (2000 ) pull the undermentioned conclusions from these studies : that religious differences make conflicts more likely and more intense . religious smorgasbord between a countries tribe , for example , stimulates more convulsive domestic conflicts and when religious issues are the important in heathen conflicts , al other forms of difference - political , economic and cultural , all then to increment , indeed aggravating the conflict (Fox , 2001The relationship between religion and conflicts has been identified in some(prenominal) respects . First , it has been shown that , unlike any other cultural value , religion help individuals and societies to posit their identity element . It has been argued that battalion use religion to understand the world somewhat them , to illuminate their moral mannikin and in like manner to provide a of late psychology intelligence of the value and essence of emotional state . due to these reasons , religion impacts greatly on how people perceive themselves and others around them , how they see and be oblige and how they relate to others . This is aptly described by Seulthe world s religions answer the individual s rent for a sense of locatedness- socially , sometimes geographically , cosmologically temporally , and meta corporeally . sacred meaning systems define the contours of the broadest possible range of relationships- to self to others pricey and distant , lucky and unfriendly to the non-human world to the universe and to God , or that which one considers ultimately real or full-strength . No other repositories of cultural meaning shit historically offered so much in response the human need to develop a secure identity . Consequently , religion oft is at the core of individual and radical identity (Seul 1999 : 558Moreover , each religion fosters a set of moral set on its adherents that purely define what constitutes right and wrong . On this stand religions often present a sol id stand advocating its established truths as the uni! versal truths and all others as ill-advised . Thus for individuals societies and policy makers , religion greatly work ons action and doings . In this regard , Fox (2004 ) claim that for umpteen people it is unsufferable to separate religion from their motivations . It colors their understanding of political and social exits as well as the decisions they make . This encompasses political decisions and the decisions to go to war (Fox 2004 : 19In regions where strong attachments to religion is observed , as is the case in most part of the Middle East , it is expected that issues bing on spiritual facts and belief system would greatly determine the occurrence and intensity of conflicts as conflicts on determine and beliefs have a tendency to become mutually decisive zero-sum since both parties holds that they are right and no common intellect or via media exists to resolve their differences (Akbaba , 2006 . The Islamic revolution of Iran in 1979 and the religious tones ove rlaying the conflicts in countries like Algeria , India , the Philippines , and Yugoslavia suffices to establish the power and influence that religion exercises on social mobilization and in this regard , conflictsTo drive this argument to the main focus of this that conflicts in the middle eats is for the most part fuelled by religious fundamentalism the study of Fox (2001 ) in this regard is very insightful . The motive employs the Minorities at Risk ( flaw ) informationset , which collar information about 267 politically nimble ethnic minorities byout the world in addition to in person collated data to analyze and report on the influence and grapheme of religion in the middle east conflicts . Describing the validity and the election of the MAR dataset for this study , the author asserted that the MAR dataset , real by the MAR project headed by Ted R Gurr .documents all instances of ethnic conflict between 1945 and 1998 and contains a reasonably true list of all ethnic g roups that are actively act political agendas , viol! ently or otherwise , or that experience from gamey levels of distinction (Fox , 2001 :4The author showed that besides Asia , the Middle East has the largest partage of scrupulously influenced ethnic conflicts , reporting that 54 percent of politically remarkable ethnic minorities in the Middle East are also religious minority . When assessing the mien of religious factors in conflicts , the author pointed out that for the study religious factors is considered to be present in a conflict when any and especially all , of the following factors are fulfilled : religion is a significant issue in the conflict religious discrimination exists a minority group demands more religious rights and religion is invoked in political discourse . Using these yardstick to metre religious fundamentalism in conflict , the author reported that compared to other parts of the world , all four criteria listed above were rear to be considerably present in the Middle east than in any other region o f the world , one can and so conclude that religious fundamentalism indeed gambol a pivotal role in the middle east conflicts . The author turn over ground posit that religious fanaticism , and therefrom conscientiously induced conflict is known to be link up to autocratic leadinghip and this is the case again with the middle east where 84 percent of middle east conflicts occur in autocratic countriesThe Palestinian-Israeli conflict arguably the most sad and unconquerable conflicts in the Middle East region and interestingly , it is adequate as an illustration of the influences of religious fundamentalism in middle east conflicts . It is convenient to assert that the prolonged violent conflict in this region was conscientiously induced and has defied every pause plans proffered due to certain religious factors . The Jews , in the first place , insisted on creating a homeland in the midst of the Palestinian territory due to long-held beliefs that the region is the Prom ised Land and home God gave them . The rig of Jewish! holy orderlinesss , especially the Old Temple in bang-up of Israel advertise strengthens this resolve . Similarly , the region is religiously important to the Arabs and Muslim inhabitants of the territory , Al Aqsa mosque in capital of Israel , for example , is considered the Muslims third holiest siteThis religiously induced conviction , on both sides , that all of the land belongs to them and should not be split up with anyone has contributed largely to the intensity and nature of conflicts occurring in this region . The position of September 2000 also sufficiently illustrates the religious nature of the Palestinian Israeli conflict . Israel s then Prime Minister and author legions general , Ariel Sharon , visited a Muslim holy site in the company of a thousand soldiers . The site grand and known as Temple Mount by the Jewish and Haram al Sharif (Noble Sanctuary ) by the Muslims was proclaimed an Israeli everlasting territory The proclamation infuriated not only Palesti nians , but Muslims all over the Arab world and beyond leading to near violent uprisings that was with lethal deposit by the Israeli phalanx thus claiming the life of some(prenominal) civiliansThis is obviously just one of the several(prenominal) violent incidences in the Palestinian Israeli conflict , but it serves to illustrate the religious nature of the Palestinian-Israeli conflicts . worship is undeniably a significant issue in the conflicts , religious intolerance and discrimination dangerously exists and religion is commonly invoked in political , social and even out economical discourses , according to Fox (2001 ) the heading of these factors are sufficient to conclude that religious fundamentalism play a major driving force in the Palestinian Israeli conflict , in particular , and in the middle east conflicts generallyThe call for for Urgent SolutionThere is no denying the fact that the various conflicts in the Middle East hold potentials for enroll international consequences if naught serious is done to quell the ! various uprisings in the region . The Kurdistan , Kashmir and Palestine conflicts exemplify the risks that continuous conflicts in the Middle East shell for the world . While the Kurdistan conflict is largely regarded as the fighting of a people seeking self determination and independence , it has been painted by religious inharmoniousness between the Shiite and Sunni Muslim traditions Events in the Middle East , especially in Muslim Arab countries have shown in the past that conflicts along the line of these ogre Muslim traditions could easily spill to other adjacent regions counterpane crime and effect with it . There are examples in several parts of the Middle East - Kuwait , Iraq etc to this effectThe Kashmir issue is likely even larger . With India divided along religious lines - Hindoo and Muslim , the control over the Kashmir region has become a serious issue . What makes the conflict more worrisome is the fact that both countries can lay claims to nuclear bombs in v arying stages of development . Any conflict between these two countries could easily result in massive loss of life since both countries have densely populated urban areas that would be loose target for the several nuclear bombs each have authentic even with their crude delivery mechanisms Moreover , conflict in this region would most likely affect several other countries with interests in these countries , the United States particularly . The toll , both in monetary equipment casualty , in human lives and in reach relationships of such a war would be very grave . The religious undertone that has continually been read into the conflict and the new desire of the Kashmir to be free from both countries are issues that could potentially facilitate conflicts if nonentity is done in glowing (Ontario Consultants , 2002Arguably , the Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the mother of all conflicts in the Middle East , for a lot of reasons . It is a conflict that has taken so many dimensi ons that identifying the sole cause or preferring a ! unblemished solution has almost become impossible . Although religious fundamentalism has greatly influenced the conflicts , it has barely , taken several dimensions that Fox (2001 ) conclude that the middle east conflicts are peculiar , in the sense that they differ from conflicts in non-middle east region considerably . In the Palestinian conflict , both sides believe that the other party is wholly trustworthy for the conflict , both parties believe that they have a the whole region for religious and historical reasons , both parties argue that the other party is not ready to via media to abandon for unfeelingness , and for every bout of military group , a new reason to continue the conflict is created . If nothing practical and stiff is done on time the conflict could become so complicated that any semblance of quietude in the region would be lost Adams (2006 ) gave an insight into the varying views of the conflict from both parties . The Palestinians argue that certain portions of land given to Jewish people or taken over by Israel when they won the several wars against the Arabs are Islamic holy sites . Parts of capital of Israel , especially easterly Jerusalem is considered very important to Islam . Thus , for religious reasons , Palestinians believe that they essential gain control over Jerusalem . Because of the hale inhabitation of Israel over these and several parts of Palestinian land , Palestinians see themselves as living in an work nation , where the invading Jews have placed them under agonistic military rule .
The continued expansion of the Israeli b through the giveing of settlements in Palestinian territory has further angered the Pal estinians who have to pass through several Israeli ch! eckpoints daily . The Palestinians feel humiliated and abused concluding that Israel does not requisite recreation . In response , they have reinforce a flagellumist network to attack innocent Israeli civiliansOn the other side , Israel view Palestinians as terrorists who will never compromise to gain serenity . Israeli leaders do not trust Palestinian leaders to prosecute ay serious soundlessness plans . As a result , Israelis feel their continued top of Palestinian territories and the military occupation is for safety purposes . They do not feel safe enough to reduce their military front end in Palestinian territories with concerns about terrorist suicide attacks on Israeli cities . Israeli have constantly accused Palestinian terrorists of adorable in violent acts when calm negotiations were progressing , this has reduced the willingness of Israel to carry on public security and moderate Israeli leaders have often been replaced by more extreme ones to further the c ourse of IsraelWith offense so intense on both sides ad with totally different and incompatible perception of the conflicts and demands to end the conflict , there are grave concerns that the conflict could seriously affect the international association if nothing concrete is done to encourage lasting peace negotiations . It is obvious that left to themselves , neither Israel nor Palestine is ready to pursue any lasting peace agreement and the immensity of religion in the conflict means that the interest of several countries are involved in the conflictThe inequality in the conflict also poses a serious concern . The Palestinians have no national army or anything that resembles a military force , thus , the terrorists or freedom fighters use bombs against civilian men , women and children arduous instill fear in the Israeli residential district . Since most Palestinian bomb attacks are suicide bombings , the attackers often die in the attack . In response , the Israeli milit ary with its power and advanced technologies haunt an! d kill Palestinians surmise of readying the attacks , killing and seriously wounding civilian men , women and children in the process . Moreover , Israelis , in their search for terrorists have done for(p) a large deal of Palestinian properties , individual and governing , demolishing houses of suspected terrorist attackers , destroying the piss tote up and electric supply system of the Palestinian National billet . In sum , both parties respond to craze by killing civilians- men , women and children not involved with the conflict . all(prenominal) side is increase killing for revenge and to prove their point , while at the same time trying to incline the rest of the world that is acting with high morality , but in the end creating a climate of violence and terror for their unborn children and grandchildren . The cost of the conflicts in human lives , hatred disharmony , and monetary wrong can only be imaginedMoreover , the Palestinian Israeli conflict cannot be regarded as two nations at war , because the Palestinians do have a national government not to mention a national military force . So , while the Israelis have the power to kill and drive Palestinians into refugee , the Palestinians lack such powers against the Israelis . While this inequality means that Palestinians do most of the dieing , it could also turn out badly for the rest of the world by building a safe harbor for anarchy and international terrorism , on one hand , and probably inciting nations against each , on the otherSolutions and RecommendationsAgain the focus of this section will be on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict which is generally regarded as the most difficult conflict to resolve in the Middle East . As been s instigate previously , in most of the other Middle Eastern conflicts , what has been lacking is the political will and sincerity to tackle the issues headfirst . However , in the Palestinian issue , there does not appear to be a simple or wizard political solu tion to the business . Countless peace plans have be! en created , several negotiations have been started and some degree of compromises have been getd from both sides , despite all these nothing tangible has been achieved in terms of peace or even prospects of peace in the region . In fact , the future prospects for peace in the region is so bleak , due to gradual decay of trust and increasing hatred created by long years of violence and killingsSome of the official peace plans that have been proposed include the quartet roadmap , and the Arab compact initiative for Arab-Israeli peace Also , several informal peace initiatives have been proposed by several interested parties such as the Geneva Accord which expects Israel to return territories removed the current pathway of the security fence and also release certain parts of Jerusalem to Palestine and the Ayalon Nusseibeh arranging with almost similar device (Divisive History 2007 . However , it has been observe that these peace plans have all failed due to one major reason . s tillness initiatives towards the Palestinian conflict have tended to take only superficial issues without in truth touching on the core of the problem . It is argued that the major problems in the region have to do with the nitty-grittys of men . The extremist thinking in some part of each group that God has willed to them the entire land , and for such religious reasons , the other party should have no right of existence on the land . These problem has been intensify that outsiders that encourage and arm these fundamentalists (Shah 2000With hatred so intense on both sides and the demands of both sides completely incompatible , any solution to the prolong conflicts will convey powerful interventions from sincere outsiders . The United States and Arab nations , especially Saudi Arabia essential join forces to end the violence from both sides . As a first step in any workable solution to the region s problems will require a reputable international tree trunk probably with the United States and Saudi Arabia as head , to negotiate! where to put bs between the conflicting sides , with Israel s security unavoidableness and Palestinians land justness and self rule , at heart . Two , once the bs between the two sides have been negotiated the international consistence mustiness find a way to separate the two parties either with the aid of a physical barrier like a wall , the aid of an international force that will admonisher the bs for a very long time or bothIsraelis have unmake a greater share of Palestinian s government and infrastructure . For perceptual constancy and equity , the outside world must come to the aid of Palestinians in re-building their infrastructures and government systems . Left to themselves , Palestine cannot reasonably build a destroyed state without help . Without outside help , the world whitethorn be growing another Afghanistan where anarchy breeds terrorism (Adams , 2002Conclusively , for any peace initiative to work out in the region , the Arab countries must stop inciting and supporting violence . They will need to play a more positive role in fate Palestine to rebuild their land and their integrity . Palestinians have lived all their lives in terror and violence , and as such , have no leader with long term peace cleverness . Arab nations must help mentor new Palestinian leaders that do not support violence and who have the electrical condenser to sustain long term peace negotiations . On the other hand , the United States must endure on Israel to build a better leadership schema . From its beginning , Israel had take to prepare for war as such moderate leaders have often been replaced with extreme ones to achieve their goals . The United States must be willing to encourage Israel to exercise more bounce , and leaders with focus on peace must also be allowed to rule . Water is an important commodity ready(prenominal) in scarce quantity in the region . When peace agreements have been worked out , an outside body must be charged with the responsi bility of determining how to portion out water right! s fairly between both parties , otherwise the customary land wars might be replaced by water warsReferencesAbi-Hashem , N (2004 . Peace and war in the Middle East : A psychopolitical and sociocultural perspective . In F . M . Moghaddam and A . J . Marsella (Eds , Understanding terrorism : Psychosocial roots consequences , and interventions (pp . 69-89 . Washington DC : American Psychological Association PressAdams , R Jerry (2006 . Middle East strife - Why ? Evaluation and Development Institute . available at hypertext transfer protocol /www .awesomelibrary .org /MiddleEastConflict .html (April 07 , 2008Akbaba , Yasemin (2006 . Understanding Ethnoreligious Conflict : The State , discrepancy And International Politics . Doctor of Philosophy discourse . Graduate School , University of Missouri-ColumbiaDivisive History [Online] . The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in a Nutshell . visible(prenominal) at : http /www .mideastweb .org /nutshell .htm (April 07 , 2008Errol A . Henderson (1998 . The egalitarian Peace through the Lens of Culture , 1820- 1989 . International Studies quarterly , Sept . pp . 461-484Fox , Jonathan (2001 . ar Middle East Conflicts More Religious ? Middle East Quarterly , FallFox , Jonathan (2000 . The Effects of Religious Discrimination on ethnical Protest and Rebellion . Journal of Conflict Studies , Fall , pp . 16-43Fox , Jonathan and Shmuel Sandler (2004 . livery Religion into International Relations . hot York : Palgrave-MacmillanOntario Consultants (2002 . Religious permissiveness Conflicts In The Middle And Far East : Kurdistan , Kashmir Palestine . Religious Tolerance .Org Available at : http /www .religioustolerance .org /isr_pal .htm (April 07 2008Rudolph J . Rummel (1998 . Is incorporated Violence Correlated with brotherly Pluralism ? Journal of Peace query , 34 (2 : 163-175Shah , Anup (2000 . The Middle East conflict - a instruct background . Global Issues . Available at http /www .globalissues .org /Geopolitics /Mid dleEast /Palestine /Background asp (April 07 , 2008S! eul , R . Jeffrey (1999 . Ours is the Way of God : Religion , Identity , and Intergroup Conflict . Journal of Peace Research . 36 (5 : 553-569PAGEPAGE 19 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
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